Creation Of The Csi Effect Criminology Essay

Creation Of The Csi Effect Criminology Essay Known as the CSI-Effect, the medias representation of criminal proceedings manipulates and distorts the deliberations made by juries resulting in unrealistic expectations of contemporary forensic science. The CSI-Effect has evolved and perpetuated through the emergence of popular crime dramas, such as CSI, NCIS, Bones and Criminal Minds that obscure the juries perspective of authentic, credible forensic science. Consequently, juries now perceive forensic evidence as, objective, reliable and infallible. (Wise, 2010, p. 384) This has resulted in an increased demand for prosecution to produce viable and tangible forensic evidence, in order to satisfy the high standard of proof in criminal proceedings. Jurors therefore, fail to distinguish between the medias stylized portrayal of forensic science and the current limitations and restrictions of forensics within the legal framework. Jurors are now susceptible to the unrealistic view that forensic testing is the most superior, probative for m of evidential proof and therefore, afford greater reliability to expert witnesses and examiners. Juries may demand forensic testing or evidence examination in unnecessary cases without regard to the time or financial restrictions placed on lab facilities and testing resources. Similarly, jurors now expect that current forensic experts have access to similar advanced technology and resources as investigators portrayed in televised crime dramas. As the medias representation of crime fiction continues to inaccurately inform juries perspectives the role of forensic science in the criminal justice system will remain obscured and misinterpreted. Creation of the CSI-Effect The CSI-Effect represents the relationship between popular crime television programs and the deliberations made by juries in criminal court proceedings. The medias portrayal of crime fiction can be observed through programs including, CSI, Bones, Forensic Files and Criminal Minds. As demonstrated by Nielson Media Research, the Top 10 American Broadcast TV Rankings between June 1st and June 7th, 2009 included Law and Order: SVU with 11,562000 viewers, alongside NCIS with 11,256000 viewers. (Nielson, 2009) Due to the CSI-Effect, jurors falsely associate the forensic capabilities presented in such programs as a reflection of current discipline standards and resources. Therefore, it is commonly assumed in court proceedings that all criminal offences can be resolved using forensic evidence. As argued by Mann, 2006, television as a highly influential form of mass media, has significantly shaped the public perception of the criminal justice system. Many are convinced that in this modern age of forensic science, the CSI effect, which refers to the hit CBS television show CSI: Crime Scene Investigation gives jurors heightened and unrealistic expectations of how conclusively forensic science can determine innocence or guilt. (Mann, 2006, p. 211) The CSI-Effect relies heavily on the popularity of law-orientated television programs in accordance to the fictitious, unrealistic representation of forensic science and criminal investigation issues. The manner in which jurors now determine judgements and assess evidence in criminal proceedings has been irrevocably altered. Thus, the CSI-Effect has resulted in a severe distortion of the criminal investigative process and the extent to which credible, forensic evidence can be perceived by jurors in the legal framework. Higher acquittal rates The CSI-Effect has produced an elevated standard of proof in criminal proceedings for prosecution to present substantial forensic evidence to gain a conviction. As supported by Cole and Dioso-Villa, 2009, this is evidenced by heightened acquittal rates amongst juries, subsequent to the advent of crime dramas, such as CSI. Jurors now hold exaggerated views regarding the probative merit of forensic science. Therefore, in certain situations the verdict is dependent on forensic factors such as DNA typing, fingerprints, bloodstain pattern analysis and ballistics. Mann, 2006 discusses the development of forensic evidence in comparison to the prosecutions traditional reliance on witness testimonies and statements. The medias concentration on the infallibility of forensic science has resulted in juries affording the professional opinions and testimonies of expert witnesses more probative value. Due to the CSI-Effect, jurors seek slam-dunk evidence (Podlas, 2009, p. 432) in criminal trials an d proceedings, as conveyed in relatively all crime dramas. [The CSI-Effect] focuses on the way that CSI elevates scientific evidence to an unsupported level of certainty thus bolstering the prosecutions case. (Podlas, 2009, p. 433) In reality, a large amount of obtainable evidence is difficult to achieve in certain criminal investigations. In the absence of material forensic evidence, jurors now perceive the arguments presented by prosecution to be invalid or inapplicable. The public is continually inundated with stylized portrayals of forensic science as flawless and precise. Accordingly, this has similarly affected the juries approach in demanding substantial and viable forensic evidence in order to successfully convict an individual. Everyones an Expert The existence of the CSI-Effect has remained a highly contentious and controversial issue in the contemporary legal system. In specific regards to heightened acquittal rates amongst juries, Tyler (2006, p.74) hypothesised that, [I]t is equally plausible to argue that watching CSI has, in fact, the opposite effect on jurorsincreasing their tendency to convict defendants. Tyler claims that crime television programs, such as CSI aim to deliver certainty through the achievement of justice and the ability of investigators to catch the bad guy. Tyler suggests that the juries aspirations for justice may also lead to leniency in conviction, rather than acquittal. (Tyler, 2006) However, Tyler failed to address the principal issue of forensic science and evidential proof within his criticisms of the CSI-Effect. The CSI-Effect has led to jurors with inflated perceptions of his/her own expertise in the field of forensic science. As supported by Wise, 2010 jurors consider themselves somewhat edu cated and informed in the forensic discipline through regular observation of the techniques and practices displayed in televised crime dramas. Consequently, jurors are highly likely to acquit a defendant if prosecutors fail to obtain reliable, probative forensic evidence to support the case. Juror ignorance: limitations As a consequence of the CSI-Effect, juries now hold unrealistic, impractical expectations of the field of forensic science in the existing legal system. The CSI-Effect is partially generated by the juries failure to appropriately consider the various limitations and restrictions placed on forensic testing facilities and resources. In many criminal proceedings, juries may demand forensic testing on particular evidence articles without regard to time availability or government financial expenses. This can directly influence the judicial deliberations made by juries in relation to reaching acquittals, based solely on the lack of forensic evidential proof. As supported by Heinrick, 2006, juries can demand unnecessary and costly testing for fingerprints, DNA and handwriting analyses. If such requirements are not fulfilled in criminal proceedings, jurors may be more willing to acquit accused individuals. Dissimilar to the fictional forensic techniques and procedures portrayed in crime dram as, forensic tests can take extended periods of time to complete and evidence analysis is an extremely long, time consuming process. (Heinrick, 2006) The Maricopia County Attorneys Office (MCAO) recently conducted an extensive study into typical juror behaviour in relation to the CSI-Effect. MCAO conducted interview-based surveys on approximately 102 prosecutors with professional experience with juries in criminal trials. Each prosecutor was assessed on their previous experiences with juries whom they considered to exhibit signs of the CSI-Effect. (Heinrick, 2006) MCAO concluded that, More than half (61%) of prosecutors who ask jurors if they watch forensic crime television shows feel jurors seem to believe the shows are mostly true. (Maricopia County Attorneys Office, 2005) Conclusion The existence of the CSI-Effect in the contemporary legal system can be observed through juries obscured perceptions and understanding of credible forensic evidence. The ascending popularity and public appeal of fictional crime-orientated television programs has resulted in a heightened standard of proof for prosecution to obtain actual evidence in criminal proceedings. Consequently, acquittal rates amongst current juries have increased since the development of the CSI franchise. (Cole Dioso-Villa, 2009) The CSI-Effect encompasses the growing reliance on forensic evidence in comparison to traditional prosecution approaches, such as witness testimonies. Arguments have emerged that debate the influence of the CSI-Effect. For example, Tyler argued that jurors would be more susceptible to convicting a defendant in criminal proceedings, due to the strong focus on the achievement of justice in crime dramas. (Tyler, 2006) However, jurors aim to acquire material, forensic evidence in crimin al proceedings in order to support a conviction. If this element is not satisfied, it is highly probable that an acquittal will occur. (Wise, 2010) As a subsequent result of the CSI-Effect, jurors are more susceptible to demanding unnecessary and highly expensive forensic testing, with minimal regard or consideration for the limitations placed on forensic testing facilities and resources. Essentially, the CSI-Effect can be directly attributed with misleading jurors to, reach [judicial conclusions] contrary to the interests of justice. (MCAO, 2005) A large portion of the public audience misinterpret and misperceive programs such as, CSI or Criminal Minds as accurately portraying the capabilities of authentic, current forensic science. Thus, the CSI-Effect will remain a highly significant influence in the decision making and judicial deliberations of jurors in both a global and domestic context.

Experiences of Families of Child/Children

The researcher wants to know the struggles, trials, loopholes and problems that families experience and encounter with regards to their child with the case of Emotional Disorder. The researcher notice that this disorder has different categories and types, and it is according to the type and level of severity. i. e. Bi polar syndrome, oppositional defiant, anxiety disorder and the obsessive compulsive disorder. These four kinds are also iincluded in the two major types of the disorder, the externalizing or what we call acting out, and the internalizing which we call acting in.In addition the researcher wants to know how the families of these children handle the situation of their kids. The hurdles and the trials that they are facing as they continually experience the problems that this disability brought not only to the child, but also in their families. The researcher also want to find some ways to help the families of these children on how to prevent or to help their children to go out in this battle of disability, what supports, interventions, treatment and other related services that will really help them to intervene the disability.The researcher believes that different psychological treatment will prevent the disorder to be broad to the children and it will lessen the different problems and factors that will trigger the disability to become more active. More so, families of these children can be also a big help to prevent the disability that their son or daughter is experiencing. This research will help us see the problems and experiences of the families who has a member with emotional behavioral disorder, and how wee can prevent this disability. B. Conceptual FrameworkChild/ Children with Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder ( EBD) Problems and Interventions vv Families and Society * Insults * Teasing * Neglect * Rude comments * Offensive remarks v The paradigm discusses the experiences and effects of Child/children with Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder to the fa mily and society where they belong. The problems encountered by these children, and the possible interventions that could be made to help families with this kind of disorder. C. Statement of the Problem 1. What is Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder? 2.What are the effects of Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder to growing child/children to the family/society where he/she belong/s 3. What are the possible interventions to be made in order to help families with Child/children with Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder. D. Hypotheses 1. Null hypothesis – There is no great impact and problem on the family and society of children with emotional behavioral disorder. 2. Operational Hypothesis – There is a great impact and problem on the family and society of children with emotional behavioral disorder. E. Significance of the studyThis study will focus on the experiences of families of child/children with emotional behavioral disorder; it will focus to the different experiences that emerge to their family, the life, the different situations and events happening to their child/children. And as parent's, what are the things that they consider, what are the preventions that they made in order for their child/children to act in manner that will give them satisfaction. This study would help the following: * To the parent's/families, they would greatly understand that having a child with Emotional Bbehavioral is not a problem, instead it is a test of patience.They will help them understand the difference of their child so they can do interventions and could give support to them. * To all the sstudents taking SPED, so they would greatly understand on how to handle situations, and could show more patience, love and understanding to children with Emotional Disorder. , that the existence of these children makes their profession and job worthwhile. * To educators, so that they would greatly appreciate dealing with Child/children with Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder. To the governmen t, so they would probably make government programs to help families of child/children with Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder. F. Scope and Delimitations The researcher will conduct interviews to the different families who have a childchildren with emotional behavioral disorder. The researcher will prepare 20 survey questions for the 25 respondents. The researcher will use the descriptive survey. Questions will focus for what are the difficulties, what are the struggles and what are the advantages and disadvantages.These following questions will help the researcher to know what the problems that the parent's are facing and experiencing. G. Definition of Terms 1. Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder – a condition exhibiting one or more of the following characteristics over a long period of time and to mark a degree, which adversely affects educational performance. 2. Internalizing Bbehavior – one of the two general categories of Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder, internalizing behav ior mearns that it acts in, examples are: anxiety, fearfulness, withdrawal and other indications of an individual’s mood or internal state. . Externalizing Bbehavior – one of the two general categories of Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder, externalizing behavior mearns acting out examples are: aggressive, disruptive behavior and directed toward others. 4. Oppositional Defiant Disorder – it go against in every situation. 5. Conduct Disorder – the mod and the attitude is persistent. 6. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder – it is an anxiety disorder, fearful of rejection. 7. Bipolar Disorder – it mearns that the mood has its episodes; it goes to positive to negative, and even vice versa.Chapter II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Characteristics of sstudents with Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder Children with emotional behavioral disorder are not a new problem in our society. It happens most of time among children during the pre-adolescent and adolescent age. There are countless victims of this kind of aggression and some people believe that this problem is a serious problem with long lasting consequences, not only to the children with Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder, but also to the families in which these children belong. https://donemyessay.com/early-childhood-four-types-of-aggression/Compared with sstudents who have other educational disabilities, sstudents with Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder experience the lowest levels of academic success. A total of 51% of those identified with Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder drop out of school (U. S. Department of Education, 2002), and only one in five will attend a postsecondary school (Wagner, Kutash, Duchnowski, Epstein, ; Sumi, 2005). After high school, people with Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder experience instability in employment and challenges with their mental health.Social alienation for sstudents is highly related to anxiety, depression, and conduct problems, and sstudents who are at risk for Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder may be seen as lonely, unlikable, provoking, and lacking in social competency. These negative characteristics and outcomes may be avoided or minimized with early identification and intervention. Internalizing and Externalizing Bbehavi ors Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder is often identified in internalizing or externalizing categories.Internalizing behaviors are associated with problematic internal feelings, such as anxiety, sadness, reticence, fearfulness, and oversensitivity. Sstudents with externalizing behaviors tend to show outward behavioral problems that include aggression, unruliness, forcefulness, and oppositional behaviors. A few sstudents may display both internalizing and externalizing behaviors (e. g. , a student with aggressive behaviors who also displays some depressive or anxious feelings), but usually sstudents can be identified as primarily externalizing or internalizing.Screening for both internalizing and externalizing behaviors is important because sstudents with internalizing problems are easily overlooked: they typically create few discipline problems and maintain good grades, although some may have attendance problems. Teachers who are aware of sstudents who are withdrawn, anxious, fearful, and unassertive can help school teams identify them so that early interventions can be put in place. Sstudents with externalizing tendencies are more readily noticed by teachers.Such behaviors as getting out of one’s seat, provoking peers, acting aggressive and refusing to stay on task occur frequently in sstudents with Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder, and those behaviors often require the teacher’s attention or disciplinary actions. Sstudents with Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder tend to have high numbers of office referrals for behavioral offenses. Sstudents who commit one to three behavioral offenses in sixth grade are more likely to have continued behavior problems in eighth grade and are less likely to be on track for high school graduation (Tobin ; Sugai, 1999).Gender Issues Most sstudents identified as at risk for or as having Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder are male. Surprisingly this prevalence occurs in both the external and internal categories, although male sst udents are more likely to display external behaviors than internal ones. This may be seen when adolescent males express depressive feelings externally through negative interpersonal interactions. Females are identified as being at risk less frequently, but when they are identified, they are more commonly identified as internalizes.Because males are much more likely to be identified as Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder or as at risk for Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder, teachers and administrators must be sure that they are not overlooking the needs and behaviors of adolescent females in the screening process (Young, Sabbah, Young, Reiser, ; Rich-ardson, 2010). Environmental Factors Teachers often notice environmental factors. When sstudents appear hungry or tired, teachers may view them as being at risk. In addition, teachers notice sstudents who appear to have less-involved parent's or familial stress.One group of researchers determined that nontraditional family structure, low socioeco nomic status, multiple school changes, urban school atmosphere, and paren'tal dissatisfaction with the school were all predictors of school exclusion (expulsions and suspensions) for sstudents with Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder (Achilles, McLaughlin, ; Croninger, 2007). Those findings suggest that heightened EBD indicators as measured by school exclusion may be influenced by a student’s environment. Quality of life issues or other environmental factors may influence the manifestation of.Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder When sstudents completed a quality of life survey, those identified as having Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder demonstrated lower feelings of self competence and reported negative relationships with others. These quality of life scores did not differ significantly across ages or between the sexes of sstudents with Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder. (Sacks ; Kern, 2008). Practical Issues School teams should determine who might manage the screening process and summariz e its results. Further, schools should also consider what resources are available for intervention.If they have inadequate resources, screening may be inadvisable; identifying sstudents who are at risk but not providing the reasonable interventions could be considered an impractical and inappropriate use of resources. Another important issue to consider is what permissions are needed to conduct school wide screening. Typically parent's must grant permission for their child to complete a survey or any type of measure that could identify him or her as being at risk. But if a teacher completes a measure, such as a teacher nomination form, it could be considered a typical Child Find aactivity—a normal educational process.If the teacher completes an individualized form (i. e. , the SDQ or BASC-2 BESS) for all sstudents, paren'tal permission is probably needed. Consulting with district administrators and attorneys about this issue is prudent. Confidentiality, including how the data will be stored and who will have access to the data, must be discussed before screening takes place (Young, Caldarella, Richardson, ; Young, in press). Chapter III Methodology This research uses student-made questionnaire. The research is purely a descriptive research with 20 respondents chosen randomly.The data gathered are tabulated and analyzed by finding its frequency ppercentage. A. ResearchMethod/ Design This research employs descriptive method of research. Descriptive method is used in order to find facts about Emotional Bbehavioral Disorder which is adequate in this research. The method of collecting data was the normative survey, which is looking to the commonality of the responses of the respondents using the student-made questionnaire, prepared and made by the researcher. B. Subject/Respondents/ParticipantsThis research uses 20 respondents taken from the population or families of Barangay DBB-1, Barangay DBB-F ( City of Dasmarinas) and families from Anabu II-F, City of I mus. The respondents of the study were chosen randomly. C. Statistical Tools/ Treatment/Instruments The instrument used to collect data was the questionnaire. For validation purposes the questionnaire was distributed to the twenty respondents for them to fill up. The respondents were chosen randomly. The data are collected or gathered, tabulated and analyzed by finding the mean and frequency.In analyzing the data, the researcher used the Frequency Ppercentage . Using the frequency ppercentage, the researcher will be able to determine the most number of occurrences in a certain aspect of research. D. Data Analysis The data in this research were analyzed using the following treatments: Frequency and Ppercentage. The frequency of particular observation is the number of times the observation occurs in the data. The frequency of each value or class interval is expressed as a ppercentage of the total number of observations. A ppercentage is a way of expressing a number as fraction of 100.

Film and Tragic Love Story

Last January 10, 2013, I, together with my English 211 classmates watched the Lantaw 2012 Short-film festival. It’s my first time to watch a short-film here in USM since Lantaw is a yearly activity here in our school. I was really excited to watch those 5 short-films, especially the film â€Å"Salamin† from Ateneo de Davao University, who got first place in a certain event. I also enjoyed the 4 films, namely; Surat, Kulta, Ayuda, and Incognito. In the film â€Å"Surat†, produced and directed by the 2 BSECE-A, I was really surprised because my friend, April Mae Tulang, is the lady protagonist in the film.It was a tragic love story between a teacher and a rebel. It was a nice film and story, but for me the ending is a bit predictable one, the guy died and the teacher became an old maid. Let’s go to the film â€Å"Kulta†, from 2 ABPolSci. This film is a tragic-family story. The story was based from the reality today. In the film, they were orphans, but still a happy family. Not until when the youngest of them got sick, and she really needed to get in the hospital. Because of being penniless, the oldest son took the risk of being a bomb carrier in exchange of money.It was a reality-based film. It’s just, I can’t understand what were they’re saying because there’s no subtitle in the movie. While in â€Å"Ayuda†, from 3ABEnglish, is one of the short-films that I’ve been enjoyed watching. I enjoyed this film simply because we can related based from the story! It’s a college love story. The cast of the film played each of their roles nice and easy. But we were wondering about the ending of the film. It was totally fuzzy why the guy holds a mini-knife. Will he take suicide? Or will he kill the antagonist?It’s very confusing. And the film which I mostly liked, the â€Å"Incognito†, which is from DevChem (students from Development Communications and Chemistry department) real ly amazed me. The main cast were so amazing in performing their different roles. And the ending was really unpredictable! I did not imagine that pretty lady was †¦ gay. Haha. I am very happy for the people who made this short-film. They made it really great! I was really excited in the â€Å"Salamin† by the AdDU filmmakers because Sir Lloyd said that Salamin is a must-see short-film.And I really watching the film. At first, I never imagined that it/s going to be a horror movie. Their setting was nice, the actors especially the main characters delivered well. I was having fun even though some parts of the movie surprised me, it has a good sound effects and a loud and clear voice which I understand easily. Over-all, the Lantaw short-film Festival was a success. The audiences enjoyed those 5 films being watched. Thanks for the loud Sound System that we all heard the sounds loud and clear. Ellyn Mae L. Arias

The Rise Of The Renaissance - 1448 Words

There were numerous figures that influenced the historical period in the world, called the Renaissance. Of these figures, names like Michelangelo, Leonardo Da Vinci, and various others seem to pop up quite often. These individuals are said to have influenced this time period through their art, philosophies, and even religious views. These influences are still felt in society today. The Renaissance movement brought upon a new sense of humanism, thus gradually breaking individuals further away from the Church’s previous dominant ideas. Previous to the Renaissance, the Church held the presiding ideas upon mostly everything in society. The social norm was to follow and believe what the Church had said to be true. However, the†¦show more content†¦And of these Henry, with all his inconsistencies, was a constant defender (Stubbs 37). Yet, when the Pope rejected the King’s desire for a divorce, Henry’s whole belief in the Catholic faith seemed to have d ied entirely. As a result, the King’s proclamation of the Act of Supremacy officially caused England to part ways with the Catholic Church. As a result of the dismissal of the Roman Catholic Church, the Church of England became the new head religion of the nation, and King Henry VIII was named head of the church. Subsequently, the Pope of the Roman Catholic Church had absolutely no say over any theological affairs in the nation of England. The citizens of England also became apart of this new Church of England. As a result of the breaking away from the Catholic Church, this foreshadowed the rise and conversion towards Protestantism in the nation of England. King Henry VIII enforced a policy called the â€Å"Dissolution†, which was the forceful termination of any convents and monasteries in England at the time. Also, any revenue recovered from these institutions was put forth to the English Parliament, to be used for alternative programs that would benefit the na tion of England. These programs included things such as enhancing England’s protection against any possible attackers. The economic state the King Henry was handed down was still mending from the Bubonic plague that ravished most ofShow MoreRelatedThe Rise Of The Renaissance Essay1525 Words   |  7 Pages The Renaissance began in Florence, Italy around the 1500’s to about the 1700’s. Florence, Italy was the mecca of this rebirth because at the time Florence was extremely wealthy and the people of the city had political freedom and those new ideals of the Renaissance were not being condemned in Florence as they were other cities. This was a time where the arts and the logic of one’s own mind was valued rather than criticized, the antiquated medieval ideals no longer matched the needs of those whoRead MoreThe Rise Of The Renaissance2336 Words   |  10 PagesThe Renaissance was a time period where people became interested in classical Greece and Rome. 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